May 30, 2005
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The 100th Monkey
A story about social change.By Ken Keyes Jr. (1921-95)
On Memorial Day, as fallen soldiers are being remembered I was trying to think about remembering peace instead of war. I remembered the story of the 100th Monkey as related in 1981 by Ken Keyes Jr. who said this in his foreword: “This phenomenon shows that when enough of us are aware of something, all of us become aware of it. That concept confirmed my own intuitive trust in the basic tenet of my work — that the appreciation and love we have for ourselves and others creates an expanding energy field that becomes a growing power in the world. This radical new support gives me the counterbalance of hope to offset the doomsday story of nuclear destruction. There is no need to feel helpless or get paralyzed by hopelessness. We know we have the power to make changes if we can join together and raise our voices in unison.” Here is that story:
The Japanese monkey, Macaca Fuscata, had been observed in the wild for a period of over 30 years.
In 1952, on the island of Koshima, scientists were providing monkeys with sweet potatoes dropped in the sand. The monkey liked the taste of the raw sweet potatoes, but they found the dirt unpleasant.
An 18-month-old female named Imo found she could solve the problem by washing the potatoes in a nearby stream. She taught this trick to her mother. Her playmates also learned this new way and they taught their mothers too.
This cultural innovation was gradually picked up by various monkeys before the eyes of the scientists. Between 1952 and 1958 all the young monkeys learned to wash the sandy sweet potatoes to make them more palatable. Only the adults who imitated their children learned this social improvement. Other adults kept eating the dirty sweet potatoes.
Then something startling took place. In the autumn of 1958, a certain number of Koshima monkeys were washing sweet potatoes — the exact number is not known. Let us suppose that when the sun rose one morning there were 99 monkeys on Koshima Island who had learned to wash their sweet potatoes. Let’s further suppose that later that morning, the hundredth monkey learned to wash potatoes.
THEN IT HAPPENED!
By that evening almost everyone in the tribe was washing sweet potatoes before eating them. The added energy of this hundredth monkey somehow created an ideological breakthrough!
But notice: A most surprising thing observed by these scientists was that the habit of washing sweet potatoes then jumped over the sea…Colonies of monkeys on other islands and the mainland troop of monkeys at Takasakiyama began washing their sweet potatoes.Thus, when a certain critical number achieves an awareness, this new awareness may be communicated from mind to mind.
Although the exact number may vary, this Hundredth Monkey Phenomenon means that when only a limited number of people know of a new way, it may remain the conscious property of these people.
But there is a point at which if only one more person tunes-in to a new awareness, a field is strengthened so that this awareness is picked up by almost everyone!
Keyes has allowed his book to be shared without copyright and you can read the rest of it here. Peace out.
(Per tearsign‘s comment, a little technical debunking.)
Deep Thought: “Too bad you can’t buy a voodoo globe so that you could make the earth spin real fast and freak everybody out.”
Today I am grateful for: That this is the first moment of the rest of my life
Guess the Movie: “Spring, 1877. This marks the longest I’ve stayed in one place since I left the farm at 17. There is so much here I will never understand. I’ve never been a church going man, and what I’ve seen on the field of battle has led me to question God’s purpose. But there is indeed something spiritual in this place. And though it may forever be obscure to me, I cannot but be aware of its power. I do know that it is here that I’ve known my first untroubled sleep in many years.” Answer: The Last Samurai, 2003.
Winner: tearsign.
They Also Serve Who Stand for Peace
by Barb Guy
On Memorial Day, we honor people who have gone to perilous places with a strong commitment in their hearts. They risk danger and their own death because they feel passionate about a cause. (Rest of article here.)
End of Day: Too tired to check out.

Comments (14)
That’s a phenomenal story. Amazing science. Of course monkeys don’t have a right-wing press saying “washing sweet potatoes is a new and dangerous thing that will threaten your society.” Which makes monkeys better off than humans.
So mote it be…..
: ) Have a safe & blessed holiday!
Please note: The Hundred Monkey Phenomenon is a myth. It’s a pretty popular myth, but a myth nonetheless.
It was based on Watson’s non-scientific report who warned that he was “forced to improvise on the details.” Keyes was a New Age leader who took the misinterpretation and used it to promote his movement.
The number 100 (as in hundredth monkeys) was a random number someone generated… the number was more like 19 in a four-year period. (Like 3 or 4 monkeys learned it per year.) Also Watson never bothered looking at the other islands when he was observing the first island. So when he went there “Voila!” The phenomenon jumped! Psychic powers!
Nope. There were at least two reports that the monkeys in five different colonies were washing their sweet potatoes before Watson even got there. In face of this fact, Watson started refuting the very sources which “proved” psychic powers.
Among researchers this fact is actually studied as a model of “Pseudoscience”. Main things to watch out for is that Watson never detailed numbers… just how many years he observed (about 4 years). Beware! The truth is out there. ;p
Oh, and the movie quote is from: The Last Samurai
But I like the sentiment that you expressed about the communal mind. It reminds me of the Sandman story “Dream of a Thousand Cats.” ;p
I was sitting in the audience, at Wordstock, listening to Dr. Andrew Weil talk about politics and medicine. He felt that economic pressure forced institutions to move in the fashionable direction of holistic medicine because it had the potential to produce equal or better outcomes at better cost. But he said “they were drug kicking and screaming.” Looking around at the audience I wondered when this magical moment happened; that it became fashionable. I remember trying to talk my fellow chemo patients into going to accupuncture or a naturopath to help with detox. People weren’t buying it. But sometime between then and now, that 100th monkey, I mean person, got the message. So I am glad to know that my suspicions about how knowledge spreads is not suspect. And it does give one hope!
The Last Samurai is right!
And I did read that “technically” the 100th monkey is not pure science, etc. I should add that link. I guess in this case it’s the sentiment that charms me. The hope that if just one more person wants peace and thinks it’s possible one day it will mean something.
this was fascinating and something I had missed before…thanks…
I remenberd this story that I have ever hear before..thanks intrest story../N *
love that book. I had a copy on my shelf given to me by a young, traveling, musician. It really opened up my mind and made total sense. I also recieved a lovely poem from my favorite poet that night and tucked it inside…all are gone now..
The author Endo Shusaku wrote an essay once about monkeys evolving into man, although I’m not sure he was refering to Japanese monkeys. Anyway, he wondered, if monkeys evolved into humans, does that mean current monkeys will eventually evolve into humans as well? He had a wierd sense of humor.
Anyway, I hope you’re right. If enough of us become aware of the idiocy of nuclear proliferation–or just as bad, the belief that military action will resolve world problems–then hopefully we will all come to this awareness. I often think of him as a monkey, but do you think we’d be lucky enough to have the potus become the one-hundreth one?
Very interesting! ~Thoughts through the looking glass~ Hope you are having a great day!
Karolyn @-}-}-
Enjoyed my visit here!
Love this post. I learned of this 100th monkey concept quite a while ago. I use it when I talk about global consciousness. Very cool

Having just seen the film, “What The Bleep Do We Know!?,” your post truly touched something in me…. HOPE.
In peace ~ Paloma